Useful Tree Species for Eastern Africa
a species selection tool based on the VECEA Map
Lake Victoria Euphorbia dawei scrub forest (edaphic vegetation type, fe)
Description
Scrub forests are intermediate in structure between forest and bushland. Vegetation types intermediate between rain forest and evergreen bushland (Be) probably occurred more extensively in the Lake Victoria basin than in other parts of Africa, but only few relicts remain (White 1983 p. 182).
White (1983 p. 182) describes the following types of Lake Victoria scrub forests: (i) Cynometra-Euphorbia scrub forest in Burundi and Uganda; (ii) Euphorbia dawei scrub forest in the basin of Lake Edward; (iii) Euphorbia dawei scrub forest in the Ruzizi valley; and (iv) tall scrub forest in the Ruzizi valley (White 1983 p. 182).
It is the third subtype that is mapped in Burundi as Lake Victoria Euphorbia dawei forest (fe). We classified Euphorbia dawei scrub forest as an edaphic vegetation type based on the suggestion that this vegetation type is especially restricted to rocky slopes, whereas evergreen bushland (Be) would be the climax vegetation type elsewhere (White 1983 p. 183)
Plant species
The main species recorded to occur within this vegetation type are listed below. Clicking the name of any of these species will open the page for that species on the Agroforestry Species Switchboard. Between brackets the English vernacular name of the species and the documented country distribution of the species (B=Burundi, E=Ethiopia, K=Kenya, M=Malawi, R=Rwanda, T=Tanzania, U=Uganda, Z=Zambia) is provided.
Based on information on species presence in national manifestations of vegetation types, each species was classified as a regionally dominant, characteristic, present or marginal species for a vegetation type (Read more ...)
- Dominant - if the regional documentation classified the species as dominant.
- Characteristic - if the species was documented to be characteristic for at least half of all the national manifestations of the vegetation type and if the species was characteristic in at least two national manifestations of the vegetation type. Species were always classified as characteristic if the species was a regional indicator or regional characteristic species for the vegetation type.
- Present - if the species was documented to be characteristic in at least one of the national manifestations of the vegetation type or if the species was documented to be present in a least half of all the national manifestations of the vegetation type. Species that were already listed as characteristic were excluded.
- Marginal distribution - if some of the national documentation listed the species, but where the species was not included as characteristic or present.
- Dominant species
- Characteristic species
- Species present
Acacia brevispica (Wait-a-bit thorn, BEKRTU),
Albizia adianthifolia (Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ),
Albizia petersiana (KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Canthium lactescens (BEKRTUZ),
Cissus quadrangularis (Succulent-stemmed wild grape, BKRTU),
Clausena anisata (Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Craibia brownii (KRTU),
Croton dichogamus (EKRTU),
Croton macrostachyus (Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Dovyalis macrocalyx (BKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (EKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Maytenus undata (Koko tree, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Pavetta oliveriana (BEKRTU),
Psydrax parviflora (Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Psydrax schimperiana (BEKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Mubende witch tree, RTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (BMRTZ),
Tarenna graveolens (BEKRTU),
Vangueria apiculata (EKMRTUZ)
Products and environmental services of tree species
Documented products and environmental services for the tree species occurring in this vegetation type (fe) are listed below. Clicking the name of any of these species will open the page for that species on the Agroforestry Species Switchboard. Between brackets information is given on the status of each species ('dom' indicates dominant species, 'cha' characteristic species, 'pre' other species and 'mar' species of marginal occurrence), the English vernacular name of the species and the documented country distribution of the species (B=Burundi, E=Ethiopia, K=Kenya, M=Malawi, R=Rwanda, T=Tanzania, U=Uganda, Z=Zambia).
Wood
- Firewood
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Acacia brevispica (Pre, Wait-a-bit thorn, BEKRTU),
Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ),
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Canthium lactescens (Pre, BEKRTUZ),
Clausena anisata (Pre, Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Maytenus undata (Pre, Koko tree, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Pavetta oliveriana (Pre, BEKRTU),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Psydrax schimperiana (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Pre, Mubende witch tree, RTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (Pre, BMRTZ),
Vangueria apiculata (Pre, EKMRTUZ)
- Charcoal
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ),
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Clausena anisata (Pre, Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Maytenus undata (Pre, Koko tree, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Pre, Mubende witch tree, RTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (Pre, BMRTZ)
- Timber, Furniture, Construction
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ),
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Craibia brownii (Pre, KRTU),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Maytenus undata (Pre, Koko tree, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Pre, Mubende witch tree, RTUZ)
- Poles, Posts
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Canthium lactescens (Pre, BEKRTUZ),
Clausena anisata (Pre, Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Psydrax schimperiana (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (Pre, BMRTZ),
Tarenna graveolens (Pre, BEKRTU)
- Flooring, Panelling
- Beehives
- Tools, Tool handles, Shafts
- Carvings, Utensils, Walking stick, Bow, Arrow
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Craibia brownii (Pre, KRTU),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Pre, Mubende witch tree, RTUZ),
Vangueria apiculata (Pre, EKMRTUZ)
- Farm implements
Human consumption
- Edible fruit, Edible nut, Edible seed
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Canthium lactescens (Pre, BEKRTUZ),
Craibia brownii (Pre, KRTU),
Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (Pre, BMRTZ),
Vangueria apiculata (Pre, EKMRTUZ)
- Seasoning, Flavouring
- Drink, Soup
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Clausena anisata (Pre, Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ)
- Medicine
Acacia brevispica (Pre, Wait-a-bit thorn, BEKRTU),
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Canthium lactescens (Pre, BEKRTUZ),
Clausena anisata (Pre, Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Craibia brownii (Pre, KRTU),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Maytenus undata (Pre, Koko tree, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ)
Animal consumption
- Fodder
Acacia brevispica (Pre, Wait-a-bit thorn, BEKRTU),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax schimperiana (Pre, BEKMRTUZ)
- Bee forage
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Acacia brevispica (Pre, Wait-a-bit thorn, BEKRTU),
Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ),
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Canthium lactescens (Pre, BEKRTUZ),
Clausena anisata (Pre, Horsewood, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (Pre, BMRTZ),
Tarenna graveolens (Pre, BEKRTU)
Environmental services
- Shade
Albizia petersiana (Pre, KMRTU),
Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ),
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Psydrax schimperiana (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Pre, Mubende witch tree, RTUZ),
Vangueria apiculata (Pre, EKMRTUZ)
- Ornamental, Avenue tree
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ),
Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ),
Maytenus undata (Pre, Koko tree, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ),
Psydrax parviflora (Pre, Lady of the night, EKMRTUZ),
Pterygota mildbraedii (Pre, Mubende witch tree, RTUZ),
Tarenna graveolens (Pre, BEKRTU),
Vangueria apiculata (Pre, EKMRTUZ)
- Mulch
Bridelia micrantha (Pre, Bridelia, BEKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Pavetta oliveriana (Pre, BEKRTU)
- Nitrogen fixation
- Soil conservation, Soil improvement
Cynometra alexandri (Cha, Uganda Ironwood, BTU),
Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Strychnos lucens (Pre, BMRTZ)
- River bank, Sand stabilization
- Windbreak
Other products
- Thatch, Roofing, Mats, Baskets
- Resin, Gum, Glue, Latex
- Tannin, Dye
- Live fence, Dead fence
- Ceremonial
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ),
Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ),
Lannea schimperi (Pre, Rusty-leaved lannea, BEKMRTUZ),
Olea europaea (Pre, African wild olive, BEKMRTUZ)
- Traditional uses
- Toothbrushes
- Veterinary medicine, Vermifuge
Acacia brevispica (Pre, Wait-a-bit thorn, BEKRTU),
Croton macrostachyus (Pre, Broad-leaved croton, BEKMRTUZ),
Cassine buchananii (Pre, EKMRTUZ),
Euclea divinorum (Pre, Diamond-leaved euclea, BEKMRTUZ)
- Cosmetic, Soap, Perfume, Oil
For more detailed information about the species occurrences see this excel workbook. It provides country specific information on species composition for this vegetation type. It also allows you to select a subset of useful tree species to provide desired products and services. For each species links to a number of websites / databases with information about this species are provided as well.
Conservation status
The table shows the area (km2) of the vegetation type and the percentage of this area explicitly designated for biodiversity, species or landscape protection (A) and areas designated for both protection and sustainable use objectives (B). Only the nationally designated protected areas were included.
| PNV | Area (km2) | A (%) | B (%) |
| Be/fe/R | 2,442 | 4.10 | 0.00 |
| fe/fv | 2,661 | 1.30 | 0.00 |
A) Include the IUCN categories I - IV; B) Include the IUCN categories V - VI and the protected areas without IUCN classification. Read more
There are seven different International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
management categories, based on their principle management objectives. Six of these can be found in the VECEA region. Based on
van Breugel et al. (2015), we reclassified these six categories into two groups. The first (A) is composed of the IUCN categories Ib, II, III and IV, all of which are explicitly designated for biodiversity, species or landscape protection. The second (B) is composed of IUCN category V, designated to protect a landscape created through interaction of people and nature, and VI, which is designated for both protection and sustainable use objectives. In group B we also included the protected areas not classified into one of the IUCN categories. These include different types of national or community forest reserves and areas that have a focus on wildlife or game management. It should be noted that the aggregation of the protected areas in these two groups (A and B) does not imply any assumptions from our side on the effectiveness of the management in these different categories.
Links
Species selection tool
Other vegetation types
//vegetationmap4africa.org
Documentation
Citation and terms of use
Click here for the full terms of use, disclaimer and errors and omissions statement that accompanies our data. When using our data, you agree with these terms.
Citation
Kindt R, van Breugel P, Orwa C, Lillesø JPB, Jamnadass R and Graudal L (2015) Useful tree species for Eastern Africa: a species selection tool based on the VECEA map. Version 2.0. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Forest & Landscape Denmark. //vegetationmap4africa.org
van Breugel P, Kindt R, Lillesø JPB, Bingham M, Demissew S, Dudley C, Friis I, Gachathi F, Kalema J, Mbago F, Moshi HN, Mulumba, J, Namaganda M, Ndangalasi HJ, Ruffo CK, Védaste M, Jamnadass R and Graudal L (2015) Potential Natural Vegetation Map of Eastern Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia). Version 2.0. Forest and Landscape (Denmark) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). URL: //vegetationmap4africa.org
van Breugel P, Kindt R, Lillesø J-PB, van Breugel M (2015) Environmental Gap Analysis to Prioritize Conservation Efforts in Eastern Africa. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0121444. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121444
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The VECEA team and its partners make no warranties or representations, express or implied, regarding the use of the material appearing in this dataset with regard to their correctness, reliability, accuracy, or otherwise. The material and geographic designations in this dataset do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the VECEA team, the Copenhagen University or the World Agroforestry Center concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, nor concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The VECEA team, the Copenhagen University nor the World Agroforestry Center shall be responsible or liable to any person, firm or corporation for any loss, damage, injury, claim or liability of any kind or character based on or resulting from any information contained in the dataset.
Errors and omissions
The VECEA team endeavour to maintain accurate and up-to-date data at all times. However, if errors or omissions are identified, the user should notify the VECEA team so that they can be corrected in future releases of the data. Users can contact the VECEA team using the contact form.
