Zanzibar-Inhambane lowland rain forest (Fo)

Description

Zanzibar-Inhambane lowland rain forest has a main canopy that is almost evergreen and up to 20 m high. Emergents are 40 m or taller.

This forest differs from Guineo-Congolian rain forests in greater degrees of bud protection, less developed drip-tips of leaves and low numbers of epiphytes. Zanzibar-Inhambane lowland rain forests differ from Zanzibar-Inhambane transitional rain forests ( Fg ) by occurring at lower altitudes (< 900 m) and having no admixture of Afromontane species (White 1983 p. 186).

Zanzibar-Inhambane lowland rain forests were formerly extensively developed along the lower parts of the eastern highlands arc (especially the Nguru, Uluguru and Usambara Mts. of Tanzania), but only small fragments remain. Similar forests occur further inland as exclaves of the Zanzibar-Inhambane floristic region in other floristic regions such as on the Malawi Hills (within the Zambezian region) or near Tavetta (within the Somalia-Masai region; its presence is a result from the high water table in that location; White 1983 p. 186).

Plant species

The main species recorded to occur within this vegetation type are listed below. Clicking the name of any of these species will open the page for that species on the Agroforestry Species Switchboard. Between brackets the English vernacular name of the species and the documented country distribution of the species (B=Burundi, E=Ethiopia, K=Kenya, M=Malawi, R=Rwanda, T=Tanzania, U=Uganda, Z=Zambia) is provided.

Based on information on species presence in national manifestations of vegetation types, each species was classified as a regionally dominant, characteristic, present or marginal species for a vegetation type (Read more ...)

• Characteristic species
  Anthocleista grandiflora (Cabbage tree, BKMRTU), Antiaris toxicaria (False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Burttdavya nyasica (MT), Cordyla africana (Wild mango, KMTZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Sasswood tree, KMTUZ), Funtumia africana (Bush rubber, KMTU), Khaya anthotheca (Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Lovoa swynnertonii (Brown mahogany, KTU), Maranthes goetzeniana (T), Milicia excelsa (Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (African locust bean, KMTUZ), Pouteria pseudoracemosa (T), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Wild kapok, KMRT), Ricinodendron heudelotii (Cork wood, KTU), Sorindeia madagascariensis (Grape mango, KMT), Sterculia appendiculata (Tall sterculia, KMT), Terminalia sambesiaca (River cluster-leaf, KMTZ), Trilepisium madagascariense (EKMRTUZ), Zanha golungensis (Smooth-fruited zanha, EKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Species present
  Albizia adianthifolia (Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Blighia unijugata (Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Croton sylvaticus (Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Dovyalis macrocalyx (BKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Ficus exasperata (Forest sandpaper fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus vallis-choudae (BEKMRTUZ), Filicium decipiens (Thika fern leaf, EKMT), Garcinia buchananii (BEKMRTUZ), Harrisonia abyssinica (BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (BEKMTUZ), Landolphia kirkii (Zanzibar-rubber, BKMTZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Macaranga capensis (River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Margaritaria discoidea (Bushveld peacock-berry, BEKMTUZ), Olyra latifolia (BEKTU), Oreobambos buchwaldii (Large green bamboo, KMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Pterocarpus tinctorius (BMTZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Saba comorensis (Rubber vine, BEKM), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ), Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (BKMTUZ), Treculia africana (African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ), Trichilia dregeana (Cape mahogany, EKMTUZ)
  
  

Products and environmental services of tree species

Documented products and environmental services for the tree species occurring in this vegetation type (Fo) are listed below. Clicking the name of any of these species will open the page for that species on the Agroforestry Species Switchboard. Between brackets information is given on the status of each species ('dom' indicates dominant species, 'cha' characteristic species, 'pre' other species and 'mar' species of marginal occurrence), the English vernacular name of the species and the documented country distribution of the species (B=Burundi, E=Ethiopia, K=Kenya, M=Malawi, R=Rwanda, T=Tanzania, U=Uganda, Z=Zambia).

Wood

• Firewood
  Anthocleista grandiflora (Cha, Cabbage tree, BKMRTU), Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Cha, Sasswood tree, KMTUZ), Funtumia africana (Cha, Bush rubber, KMTU), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Lovoa swynnertonii (Cha, Brown mahogany, KTU), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Sorindeia madagascariensis (Cha, Grape mango, KMT), Trilepisium madagascariense (Cha, EKMRTUZ), Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Croton sylvaticus (Pre, Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Ficus exasperata (Pre, Forest sandpaper fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus vallis-choudae (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Filicium decipiens (Pre, Thika fern leaf, EKMT), Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Macaranga capensis (Pre, River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Margaritaria discoidea (Pre, Bushveld peacock-berry, BEKMTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ), Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Pre, BKMTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ), Trichilia dregeana (Pre, Cape mahogany, EKMTUZ)
  
  
• Charcoal
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Cha, Sasswood tree, KMTUZ), Funtumia africana (Cha, Bush rubber, KMTU), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Lovoa swynnertonii (Cha, Brown mahogany, KTU), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Croton sylvaticus (Pre, Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Macaranga capensis (Pre, River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Margaritaria discoidea (Pre, Bushveld peacock-berry, BEKMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ), Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Pre, BKMTUZ)
  
  
• Timber, Furniture, Construction
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Cha, Sasswood tree, KMTUZ), Funtumia africana (Cha, Bush rubber, KMTU), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Lovoa swynnertonii (Cha, Brown mahogany, KTU), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Trilepisium madagascariense (Cha, EKMRTUZ), Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Croton sylvaticus (Pre, Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus exasperata (Pre, Forest sandpaper fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Macaranga capensis (Pre, River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Margaritaria discoidea (Pre, Bushveld peacock-berry, BEKMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ), Trichilia dregeana (Pre, Cape mahogany, EKMTUZ)
  
  
• Poles, Posts
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Croton sylvaticus (Pre, Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Macaranga capensis (Pre, River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Margaritaria discoidea (Pre, Bushveld peacock-berry, BEKMTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Flooring, Panelling
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Beehives
  Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Veneer, Plywood
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Lovoa swynnertonii (Cha, Brown mahogany, KTU), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Trilepisium madagascariense (Cha, EKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Tools, Tool handles, Shafts
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Carvings, Utensils, Walking stick, Bow, Arrow
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Ricinodendron heudelotii (Cha, Cork wood, KTU), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Filicium decipiens (Pre, Thika fern leaf, EKMT), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Boat building
  Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Farm implements
  Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ)
  
  

Human consumption

• Edible fruit, Edible nut, Edible seed
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Ricinodendron heudelotii (Cha, Cork wood, KTU), Sorindeia madagascariensis (Cha, Grape mango, KMT), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus vallis-choudae (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (Pre, BEKMTUZ), Landolphia kirkii (Pre, Zanzibar-rubber, BKMTZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Saba comorensis (Pre, Rubber vine, BEKM), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Seasoning, Flavouring
  Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Drink, Soup
  Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Edible oil, Edible gum, Edible inner bark
  Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Ricinodendron heudelotii (Cha, Cork wood, KTU)
  
  
• Medicine
  Anthocleista grandiflora (Cha, Cabbage tree, BKMRTU), Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Harrisonia abyssinica (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (Pre, BEKMTUZ), Landolphia kirkii (Pre, Zanzibar-rubber, BKMTZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Macaranga capensis (Pre, River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Margaritaria discoidea (Pre, Bushveld peacock-berry, BEKMTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Saba comorensis (Pre, Rubber vine, BEKM), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  

Animal consumption

• Fodder
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (Pre, BEKMTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Bee forage
  Anthocleista grandiflora (Cha, Cabbage tree, BKMRTU), Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Harrisonia abyssinica (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  

Environmental services

• Shade
  Anthocleista grandiflora (Cha, Cabbage tree, BKMRTU), Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Cha, Sasswood tree, KMTUZ), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Blighia unijugata (Pre, Triangle tops, BEKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Celtis africana (Pre, White stinkwood, BEKMRTUZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Croton sylvaticus (Pre, Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Diospyros abyssinica (Pre, Giant diospyros, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Filicium decipiens (Pre, Thika fern leaf, EKMT), Landolphia kirkii (Pre, Zanzibar-rubber, BKMTZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Parinari excelsa (Pre, Rough-skinned plum, BMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Pre, BKMTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ), Trichilia dregeana (Pre, Cape mahogany, EKMTUZ)
  
  
• Ornamental, Avenue tree
  Anthocleista grandiflora (Cha, Cabbage tree, BKMRTU), Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Diospyros mespiliformis (Cha, African ebony, BEKMTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Cha, Sasswood tree, KMTUZ), Khaya anthotheca (Cha, Smooth-barked mahogany, KMTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Croton sylvaticus (Pre, Forest fever berry, EKMTUZ), Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Englerophytum natalense (Pre, Silver-leaved milkplum, KMRTU), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Filicium decipiens (Pre, Thika fern leaf, EKMT), Garcinia buchananii (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Harrisonia abyssinica (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ), Saba comorensis (Pre, Rubber vine, BEKM), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Pre, Jumping seed tree, EKMRTUZ), Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Pre, BKMTUZ)
  
  
• Mulch
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU), Synsepalum brevipes (Pre, KMTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Nitrogen fixation
  Newtonia buchananii (Cha, East African newtonia, BKMRTUZ), Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ)
  
  
• Soil conservation, Soil improvement
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Albizia adianthifolia (Pre, Rough-bark flat-crown, BKMRTUZ), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus vallis-choudae (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Macaranga capensis (Pre, River macaranga, BEKMTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Treculia africana (Pre, African breadfruit tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• River bank, Sand stabilization
  Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Windbreak
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Calodendrum capense (Pre, Cape chestnut, KMTU), Ekebergia capensis (Pre, Cape ash, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  

Other products

• Fibre, Weaving, Rope
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (Pre, BEKMTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Thatch, Roofing, Mats, Baskets
  Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (Pre, BEKMTUZ), Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius (Pre, River litchi, BEKMTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Saba comorensis (Pre, Rubber vine, BEKM)
  
  
• Resin, Gum, Glue, Latex
  Cordyla africana (Cha, Wild mango, KMTZ), Sterculia appendiculata (Cha, Tall sterculia, KMT), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia buchananii (Pre, BEKMTUZ), Landolphia kirkii (Pre, Zanzibar-rubber, BKMTZ), Saba comorensis (Pre, Rubber vine, BEKM), Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Pre, BKMTUZ)
  
  
• Tannin, Dye
  Parkia filicoidea (Cha, African locust bean, KMTUZ), Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT), Trilepisium madagascariense (Cha, EKMRTUZ), Brachystegia spiciformis (Pre, Bean-pod tree, BKMTZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Landolphia kirkii (Pre, Zanzibar-rubber, BKMTZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ), Syzygium guineense (Pre, Guinea waterberry, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Live fence, Dead fence
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Dovyalis macrocalyx (Pre, BKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Harrisonia abyssinica (Pre, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Ceremonial
  Milicia excelsa (Cha, Mvule, BEKMRTU), Celtis gomphophylla (Pre, Bastard white stinkwood, EKMRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Ficus thonningii (Pre, Strangler fig, BEKMRTUZ), Phoenix reclinata (Pre, Wild date palm, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  
• Traditional uses
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Ficus sur (Pre, Cape fig, BEKMRTUZ), Olyra latifolia (Pre, BEKTU)
  
  
• Toothbrushes
  Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT)
  
  
• Boundary marking
  Rhodognaphalon schumannianum (Cha, Wild kapok, KMRT)
  
  
• Veterinary medicine, Vermifuge
  Harrisonia abyssinica (Pre, BEKMRTUZ), Rauvolfia caffra (Pre, Quinine tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Toxin, Insecticide, Repellent
  Antiaris toxicaria (Cha, False mvule, BEKRTUZ), Erythrophleum suaveolens (Cha, Sasswood tree, KMTUZ)
  
  
• Cosmetic, Soap, Perfume, Oil
  Ricinodendron heudelotii (Cha, Cork wood, KTU), Ficus exasperata (Pre, Forest sandpaper fig, BEKMRTUZ)
  
  

For more detailed information about the species occurrences see this excel workbook. It provides country specific information on species composition for this vegetation type. It also allows you to select a subset of useful tree species to provide desired products and services. For each species links to a number of websites / databases with information about this species are provided as well.

Conservation status

The table shows the area (km2) of the vegetation type and the percentage of this area explicitly designated for biodiversity, species or landscape protection (A) and areas designated for both protection and sustainable use objectives (B). Only the nationally designated protected areas were included.

A) Include the IUCN categories I - IV; B) Include the IUCN categories V - VI and the protected areas without IUCN classification. Read more

Links

Species selection tool
Other vegetation types
//vegetationmap4africa.org
Documentation

Citation and terms of use

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